451 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
451 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
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# 用户模型
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<cite>
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**本文引用的文件**
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- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go)
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- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go)
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- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go)
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- [pkg/auth/password.go](file://pkg/auth/password.go)
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- [pkg/database/postgres.go](file://pkg/database/postgres.go)
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- [internal/model/profile.go](file://internal/model/profile.go)
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- [internal/model/system_config.go](file://internal/model/system_config.go)
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- [internal/service/serialize_service.go](file://internal/service/serialize_service.go)
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- [internal/service/user_service_test.go](file://internal/service/user_service_test.go)
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- [internal/repository/user_repository_test.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository_test.go)
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</cite>
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## 目录
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1. [简介](#简介)
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2. [项目结构](#项目结构)
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3. [核心组件](#核心组件)
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4. [架构总览](#架构总览)
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5. [详细组件分析](#详细组件分析)
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6. [依赖分析](#依赖分析)
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7. [性能考虑](#性能考虑)
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8. [故障排查指南](#故障排查指南)
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9. [结论](#结论)
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10. [附录](#附录)
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## 简介
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本文件聚焦于用户模型 User 的字段定义、数据类型、GORM 标签与业务含义，以及与 UserPointLog、UserLoginLog 的关联关系。同时提供用户状态流转图、积分系统使用模式、属性扩展（Properties JSONB）的实践建议，并给出数据验证规则、唯一性约束与索引优化建议，最后结合代码路径说明如何安全地处理密码存储与敏感信息脱敏。
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## 项目结构
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围绕用户模型的关键文件分布如下：
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- 模型层：用户、积分日志、登录日志、档案等
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- 仓储层：用户 CRUD、积分更新、登录日志创建等
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- 服务层：注册、登录、修改密码、更换邮箱等业务流程
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- 安全层：密码哈希与校验
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- 数据库层：PostgreSQL 连接与配置
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```mermaid
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graph TB
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subgraph "模型层"
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M_User["User<br/>internal/model/user.go"]
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M_PointLog["UserPointLog<br/>internal/model/user.go"]
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M_LoginLog["UserLoginLog<br/>internal/model/user.go"]
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M_Profile["Profile<br/>internal/model/profile.go"]
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end
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subgraph "仓储层"
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R_UserRepo["UserRepository<br/>internal/repository/user_repository.go"]
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end
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subgraph "服务层"
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S_UserSvc["UserService<br/>internal/service/user_service.go"]
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S_Serialize["SerializeService<br/>internal/service/serialize_service.go"]
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end
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subgraph "安全层"
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A_Password["Password Hash/Check<br/>pkg/auth/password.go"]
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end
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subgraph "数据库层"
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D_Postgres["PostgreSQL连接<br/>pkg/database/postgres.go"]
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end
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S_UserSvc --> R_UserRepo
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R_UserRepo --> D_Postgres
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S_UserSvc --> A_Password
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S_Serialize --> M_User
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M_User --> M_PointLog
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M_User --> M_LoginLog
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M_Profile --> M_User
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```
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图表来源
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- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L1-L70)
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- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L1-L137)
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- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L1-L249)
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- [pkg/auth/password.go](file://pkg/auth/password.go#L1-L21)
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- [pkg/database/postgres.go](file://pkg/database/postgres.go#L1-L74)
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- [internal/model/profile.go](file://internal/model/profile.go#L1-L64)
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- [internal/service/serialize_service.go](file://internal/service/serialize_service.go#L86-L97)
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章节来源
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- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L1-L70)
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- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L1-L137)
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- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L1-L249)
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- [pkg/auth/password.go](file://pkg/auth/password.go#L1-L21)
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- [pkg/database/postgres.go](file://pkg/database/postgres.go#L1-L74)
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- [internal/model/profile.go](file://internal/model/profile.go#L1-L64)
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- [internal/service/serialize_service.go](file://internal/service/serialize_service.go#L86-L97)
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## 核心组件
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本节对 User 结构体及其关键字段进行逐项解析，涵盖字段类型、GORM 标签、默认值、业务语义与约束。
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- 字段与类型
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- ID：整型自增主键，用于唯一标识用户
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- Username：字符串，长度限制与唯一索引约束
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- Password：字符串，存储哈希后的密码，JSON 中不返回
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- Email：字符串，长度限制与唯一索引约束
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- Avatar：字符串，头像 URL，默认空串
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- Points：整型，积分余额，默认 0
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- Role：字符串，角色，默认 "user"
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- Status：短整型，状态枚举，默认 1（正常），0（禁用），-1（删除）
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- Properties：字符串，映射 PostgreSQL 的 JSONB 类型，用于扩展属性
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- LastLoginAt：时间戳，最近登录时间
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- CreatedAt/UpdatedAt：时间戳，默认 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
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- 约束与索引
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- Username、Email 唯一索引
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- UserPointLog、UserLoginLog 的 UserID、IP 地址、is_success 等字段建立索引
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- Properties 以 JSONB 存储，便于灵活扩展
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- 业务含义
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- 注册时默认 Role 为 "user"，Status 为 1（正常），Points 为 0
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- 登录成功后更新 LastLoginAt
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- 删除采用软删除，将 Status 设为 -1
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章节来源
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- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L1-L26)
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- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L28-L70)
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- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L12-L67)
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- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L111-L121)
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- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L71-L75)
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## 架构总览
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用户模型在系统中的交互流程如下：
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant Client as "客户端"
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participant Handler as "处理器/控制器"
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participant Service as "UserService"
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participant Repo as "UserRepository"
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participant DB as "数据库(PostgreSQL)"
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participant Auth as "Password(哈希/校验)"
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Client->>Handler : "注册/登录请求"
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Handler->>Service : "调用业务方法"
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Service->>Auth : "注册时哈希密码"
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Auth-->>Service : "返回哈希值"
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Service->>Repo : "创建用户/保存用户"
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Repo->>DB : "执行SQL"
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DB-->>Repo : "返回结果"
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Repo-->>Service : "返回用户对象"
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Service-->>Handler : "返回用户与令牌"
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Handler-->>Client : "响应(不含敏感字段)"
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```
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图表来源
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- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L12-L67)
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- [pkg/auth/password.go](file://pkg/auth/password.go#L1-L21)
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- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L11-L15)
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- [pkg/database/postgres.go](file://pkg/database/postgres.go#L1-L74)
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## 详细组件分析
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### User 结构体与字段详解
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- ID
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- 类型：整型自增主键
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- 用途：全局唯一标识
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- GORM 标签：主键、自增
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- Username
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- 类型：字符串，长度限制，唯一索引
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- 用途：登录凭据之一
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- 约束：唯一性
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- Password
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- 类型：字符串，存储 bcrypt 哈希
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- 用途：登录凭据
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- 安全：JSON 中不返回
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- Email
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- 类型：字符串，长度限制，唯一索引
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- 用途：找回密码、通知等
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- 约束：唯一性
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- Avatar
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- 类型：字符串，URL
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- 默认：空串
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- Points
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- 类型：整型
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- 默认：0
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- 用途：积分系统余额
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- Role
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- 类型：字符串
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- 默认："user"
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- Status
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- 类型：短整型
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- 默认：1（正常）
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- 取值：1 正常；0 禁用；-1 删除（软删）
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- Properties
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- 类型：字符串，映射 PostgreSQL 的 JSONB
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- 用途：扩展属性，如权限、配置等
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- LastLoginAt
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- 类型：时间戳
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- 用途：记录最近登录时间
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- CreatedAt/UpdatedAt
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- 类型：时间戳，默认 CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
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章节来源
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- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L1-L26)
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### User 与 UserPointLog 的关联
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- 外键关系
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- UserPointLog.UserID 引用 User.ID
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- UserPointLog.OperatorID 可选，指向操作者用户
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- 级联行为
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- 代码中未显式声明级联删除/更新，遵循 GORM 默认行为
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- 由于 User 采用软删除（Status=-1），建议在业务层避免直接删除用户，防止破坏积分日志的完整性
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- 日志字段
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- ChangeType：变更类型（如 EARN、SPEND、ADMIN_ADJUST）
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- Amount/BalanceBefore/BalanceAfter：金额与前后余额
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- Reason/ReferenceType/ReferenceID：原因与关联对象类型/ID
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- OperatorID：可选，记录管理员操作者
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```mermaid
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classDiagram
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class User {
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+int64 ID
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+string Username
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+string Email
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+string Avatar
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+int Points
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+string Role
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+int16 Status
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+string Properties
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+time.Time LastLoginAt
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+time.Time CreatedAt
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+time.Time UpdatedAt
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}
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class UserPointLog {
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+int64 ID
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+int64 UserID
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+string ChangeType
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+int Amount
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+int BalanceBefore
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+int BalanceAfter
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+string Reason
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+string ReferenceType
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+*int64 ReferenceID
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+*int64 OperatorID
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+time.Time CreatedAt
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}
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class UserLoginLog {
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+int64 ID
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+int64 UserID
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+string IPAddress
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+string UserAgent
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+string LoginMethod
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+bool IsSuccess
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+string FailureReason
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+time.Time CreatedAt
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}
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User "1" <-- "many" UserPointLog : "外键UserID"
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User "1" <-- "many" UserLoginLog : "外键UserID"
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User "1" <-- "many" UserPointLog : "外键OperatorID(可选)"
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```
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图表来源
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- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L28-L70)
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章节来源
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- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L28-L70)
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- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L89-L124)
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### User 与 UserLoginLog 的关联
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- 外键关系
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- UserLoginLog.UserID 引用 User.ID
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- 日志字段
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- IPAddress：inet 类型，记录登录 IP
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- UserAgent：文本
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- LoginMethod：默认 PASSWORD
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- IsSuccess/FailureReason：登录成功与否及原因
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- 索引
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- UserID、IPAddress、IsSuccess 建有索引，CreatedAt 建有复合索引并按降序排序
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章节来源
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- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L52-L70)
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- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L77-L87)
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### 用户状态流转图
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- 正常（1）：可登录、可消费积分
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- 禁用（0）：禁止登录，不影响积分
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- 删除（-1）：软删除，查询时默认过滤该状态
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```mermaid
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stateDiagram-v2
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[*] --> 正常
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正常 --> 禁用 : "管理员操作"
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正常 --> 删除 : "软删除"
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禁用 --> 正常 : "恢复"
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禁用 --> 删除 : "软删除"
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|
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删除 --> 正常 : "不可恢复"
|
|||
|
|
删除 --> 禁用 : "不可恢复"
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
图表来源
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L14-L16)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L71-L75)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 积分系统（Points）使用模式
|
|||
|
|
- 初始化：注册时 Points 默认 0
|
|||
|
|
- 更新：通过 UpdateUserPoints 在事务中完成，先读取当前余额，计算新余额，再写入并创建日志
|
|||
|
|
- 校验：若新余额小于 0，则回滚并返回错误
|
|||
|
|
- 日志：记录变更类型、金额、前后余额、原因、关联对象与操作者
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```mermaid
|
|||
|
|
flowchart TD
|
|||
|
|
Start(["开始"]) --> ReadUser["读取用户当前积分"]
|
|||
|
|
ReadUser --> Calc["计算新余额 = 当前 + 变更金额"]
|
|||
|
|
Calc --> Check{"新余额 >= 0 ?"}
|
|||
|
|
Check --> |否| Rollback["回滚事务并返回错误"]
|
|||
|
|
Check --> |是| Update["更新用户积分"]
|
|||
|
|
Update --> Log["创建积分日志"]
|
|||
|
|
Log --> End(["结束"])
|
|||
|
|
Rollback --> End
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
图表来源
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L89-L124)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
章节来源
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L89-L124)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L12-L67)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 属性扩展（Properties JSONB）使用模式
|
|||
|
|
- 存储：Properties 为字符串，映射 PostgreSQL 的 JSONB 类型
|
|||
|
|
- 用途：存放扩展字段，如权限、配置等
|
|||
|
|
- 序列化：在序列化时可直接返回 Properties，但需注意敏感信息脱敏
|
|||
|
|
- 示例路径：序列化用户时将 Properties 原样返回，供上层处理
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
章节来源
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L16-L17)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/service/serialize_service.go](file://internal/service/serialize_service.go#L86-L97)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 数据验证规则、唯一性约束与索引优化建议
|
|||
|
|
- 验证规则
|
|||
|
|
- 用户名非空，长度范围（建议在服务层补充）
|
|||
|
|
- 邮箱非空且包含 @ 符号（建议在服务层补充）
|
|||
|
|
- 密码非空（建议在服务层补充）
|
|||
|
|
- 唯一性约束
|
|||
|
|
- Username、Email 唯一索引
|
|||
|
|
- 索引优化建议
|
|||
|
|
- User：Username、Email 唯一索引（已具备）
|
|||
|
|
- UserPointLog：UserID、CreatedAt(降序)、ReferenceType/ReferenceID（可选）
|
|||
|
|
- UserLoginLog：UserID、IPAddress、IsSuccess、CreatedAt(降序)
|
|||
|
|
- 状态查询
|
|||
|
|
- 查询用户时默认排除 Status=-1（软删除）
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
章节来源
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L9-L21)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L31-L41)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L55-L61)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L18-L29)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L31-L43)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L45-L57)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/service/user_service_test.go](file://internal/service/user_service_test.go#L109-L164)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository_test.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository_test.go#L1-L69)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 密码存储与敏感信息脱敏
|
|||
|
|
- 密码存储
|
|||
|
|
- 注册时使用 bcrypt 哈希存储
|
|||
|
|
- 登录时使用 bcrypt 校验
|
|||
|
|
- User.Password 在 JSON 响应中不返回
|
|||
|
|
- 敏感信息脱敏
|
|||
|
|
- Password 字段在 JSON 中标记为不输出
|
|||
|
|
- Properties 作为 JSONB 返回，需在上层进行脱敏处理（例如移除敏感键或替换为占位符）
|
|||
|
|
- 头像 URL、邮箱等字段在返回前可根据需要进行脱敏策略
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
章节来源
|
|||
|
|
- [pkg/auth/password.go](file://pkg/auth/password.go#L1-L21)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L12-L67)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L141-L164)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L10-L12)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/service/serialize_service.go](file://internal/service/serialize_service.go#L86-L97)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 依赖分析
|
|||
|
|
- 组件耦合
|
|||
|
|
- UserService 依赖 UserRepository、JWT 服务与 Password 工具
|
|||
|
|
- UserRepository 依赖数据库连接
|
|||
|
|
- User 模型与 UserPointLog、UserLoginLog 通过外键关联
|
|||
|
|
- 外键与级联
|
|||
|
|
- 未显式声明级联，遵循 GORM 默认行为
|
|||
|
|
- 建议在业务层避免直接物理删除用户，以保持积分与登录日志的完整性
|
|||
|
|
- 外部依赖
|
|||
|
|
- PostgreSQL 驱动与连接池配置
|
|||
|
|
- bcrypt 密码哈希
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```mermaid
|
|||
|
|
graph LR
|
|||
|
|
S_UserSvc["UserService"] --> R_UserRepo["UserRepository"]
|
|||
|
|
S_UserSvc --> A_Password["Password"]
|
|||
|
|
R_UserRepo --> D_Postgres["PostgreSQL"]
|
|||
|
|
M_User["User"] --> M_PointLog["UserPointLog"]
|
|||
|
|
M_User --> M_LoginLog["UserLoginLog"]
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
图表来源
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L1-L249)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L1-L137)
|
|||
|
|
- [pkg/auth/password.go](file://pkg/auth/password.go#L1-L21)
|
|||
|
|
- [pkg/database/postgres.go](file://pkg/database/postgres.go#L1-L74)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L1-L70)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
章节来源
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L1-L249)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L1-L137)
|
|||
|
|
- [pkg/auth/password.go](file://pkg/auth/password.go#L1-L21)
|
|||
|
|
- [pkg/database/postgres.go](file://pkg/database/postgres.go#L1-L74)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/model/user.go](file://internal/model/user.go#L1-L70)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 性能考虑
|
|||
|
|
- 索引设计
|
|||
|
|
- User：Username、Email 唯一索引
|
|||
|
|
- UserPointLog：UserID、CreatedAt(降序)、ReferenceType/ReferenceID（可选）
|
|||
|
|
- UserLoginLog：UserID、IPAddress、IsSuccess、CreatedAt(降序)
|
|||
|
|
- 查询过滤
|
|||
|
|
- 查询用户时默认排除软删除（Status!=-1），减少扫描
|
|||
|
|
- 事务与并发
|
|||
|
|
- 积分更新使用事务，保证一致性
|
|||
|
|
- 缓存与限流
|
|||
|
|
- 登录失败与成功日志可配合缓存与限流策略，降低暴力破解风险
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[本节为通用指导，无需列出具体文件来源]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 故障排查指南
|
|||
|
|
- 登录失败
|
|||
|
|
- 检查用户是否存在与状态是否为 1
|
|||
|
|
- 校验密码哈希是否正确
|
|||
|
|
- 记录失败日志以便审计
|
|||
|
|
- 积分不足
|
|||
|
|
- 确认余额计算逻辑与事务一致性
|
|||
|
|
- 检查日志是否正确记录
|
|||
|
|
- 软删除影响
|
|||
|
|
- 查询用户时默认排除 Status=-1
|
|||
|
|
- 若出现“用户不存在”，确认是否被软删除
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
章节来源
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/service/user_service.go](file://internal/service/user_service.go#L70-L121)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L71-L75)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository.go#L89-L124)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/repository/user_repository_test.go](file://internal/repository/user_repository_test.go#L1-L69)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 结论
|
|||
|
|
User 模型通过明确的字段定义、GORM 标签与业务约束，支撑了注册、登录、积分与日志等核心功能。通过软删除与事务化的积分更新，确保了数据一致性与可审计性。建议在服务层补充输入验证与脱敏策略，并根据业务增长持续优化索引与查询路径。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[本节为总结性内容，无需列出具体文件来源]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 附录
|
|||
|
|
- 相关模型与配置
|
|||
|
|
- Profile 模型与 User 的关联
|
|||
|
|
- SystemConfig 模型（系统配置）
|
|||
|
|
- 序列化与脱敏
|
|||
|
|
- SerializeUser 返回 Properties，需在上层进行脱敏处理
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
章节来源
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/model/profile.go](file://internal/model/profile.go#L1-L64)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/model/system_config.go](file://internal/model/system_config.go#L1-L42)
|
|||
|
|
- [internal/service/serialize_service.go](file://internal/service/serialize_service.go#L86-L97)
|