354 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
354 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
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# 后端架构设计规范
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## 1. 分层架构原则
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### 层级定义
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```
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Handler (控制器层) → Service (业务逻辑层) → Repository (数据访问层) → Infrastructure (基础设施层)
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```
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### 层级职责
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| 层级 | 职责 | 依赖关系 |
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|------|------|----------|
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| Handler | 接收HTTP请求、参数校验、调用Service、返回响应 | 仅依赖Service |
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| Service | 实现业务逻辑、事务管理、组合多个Repository | 仅依赖Repository接口 |
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| Repository | 数据CRUD操作、数据库事务管理 | 仅依赖Model和GORM |
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| Infrastructure | 缓存、消息队列、RPC等外部服务 | 被Service调用 |
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### 关键约束
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- **Handler禁止直接依赖Repository或直接操作数据库**
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- **Service禁止直接依赖`gorm.DB`,必须通过Repository间接操作**
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- **所有外部依赖通过接口抽象**
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---
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## 2. Repository 层规范
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### 2.1 接口 + 私有实现模式
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所有Repository必须采用接口定义 + 私有实现结构体的模式:
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```go
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// ✅ 正确:接口 + 私有实现
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type UserRepository interface {
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Create(user *model.User) error
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GetByID(id string) (*model.User, error)
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}
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type userRepository struct {
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db *gorm.DB
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}
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func NewUserRepository(db *gorm.DB) UserRepository {
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return &userRepository{db: db}
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}
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func (r *userRepository) Create(user *model.User) error {
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return r.db.Create(user).Error
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}
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```
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```go
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// ❌ 错误:直接暴露结构体指针
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type UserRepository struct {
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db *gorm.DB
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}
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func NewUserRepository(db *gorm.DB) *UserRepository {
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return &UserRepository{db: db}
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}
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```
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### 2.2 Repository方法设计原则
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- 方法签名中**使用接口类型而非指针**:`func (r *userRepository) GetByID(...) (*model.User, error)`
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- **避免在Repository层直接返回指针切片**,使用值切片更安全
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- **事务操作在Repository内部封装**,Service不应直接调用`db.Transaction()`
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### 2.3 新增Repository流程
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1. 在`repository/`目录下创建`xxx_repo.go`文件
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2. 定义`XxxRepository`接口,包含所有数据访问方法
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3. 创建私有实现结构体`xxxRepository`
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4. 创建构造函数`NewXxxRepository(db *gorm.DB) XxxRepository`
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5. 在`wire/repository.go`的`RepositorySet`中注册
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---
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## 3. Service 层规范
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### 3.1 接口 + 私有实现模式
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```go
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// ✅ 正确
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type UserService interface {
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CreateUser(ctx context.Context, req *dto.CreateUserRequest) (*model.User, error)
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GetUserByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (*model.User, error)
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}
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type userService struct {
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userRepo repository.UserRepository
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// 其他Repo都使用接口类型
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}
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func NewUserService(userRepo repository.UserRepository) UserService {
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return &userService{userRepo: userRepo}
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}
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```
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### 3.2 Service依赖管理
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- **所有Repository依赖必须使用接口类型**,禁止使用`*repository.XxxRepository`指针
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- **禁止在Service中直接持有`gorm.DB`**,如有数据库操作必须下沉到Repository
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- **如需事务支持**,在Repository中封装事务方法,Service调用封装好的方法
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### 3.3 Service间依赖
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- Service之间通过接口依赖,避免循环依赖
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- 如Service A需要调用Service B的方法,确保该方法在接口中定义
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---
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## 4. Handler 层规范
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### 4.1 Handler只依赖Service
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```go
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// ✅ 正确
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type UserHandler struct {
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userService service.UserService // 仅依赖Service接口
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}
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func NewUserHandler(userService service.UserService) *UserHandler {
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return &UserHandler{userService: userService}
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}
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```
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```go
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// ❌ 错误:直接依赖Repository或Cache
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type UserHandler struct {
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userRepo *repository.UserRepository // 禁止
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cache cache.Cache // 禁止
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}
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```
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### 4.2 参数和类型分离
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- **Query参数和Filter类型**应定义在`dto/`包中,而非`repository/`包
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- Handler负责将HTTP参数转换为DTO后传递给Service
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---
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## 5. DTO/Filter 类型规范
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### 5.1 放置位置
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- **所有查询参数、过滤条件、分页参数**定义在`internal/dto/`目录下
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- **禁止在`repository/`包中定义供Handler使用的Filter类型**
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### 5.2 文件组织
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```
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internal/dto/
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├── filter.go # 通用过滤条件(LogFilter, LoginFilter等)
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├── user_converter.go # 用户相关转换
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└── ...
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```
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### 5.3 Filter类型定义示例
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```go
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// internal/dto/filter.go
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type LogFilter struct {
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UserID string
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Operation string
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TargetType string
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StartTime string
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EndTime string
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}
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type PaginationParams struct {
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Page int
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PageSize int
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}
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```
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---
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## 6. Wire 依赖注入规范
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### 6.1 Provider函数设计
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```go
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// ✅ 正确:Provider返回接口类型
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func ProvideUserService(
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userRepo repository.UserRepository, // 接口类型
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cacheBackend cache.Cache,
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) service.UserService {
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return service.NewUserService(userRepo, cacheBackend)
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}
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// ❌ 错误:返回指针类型
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func ProvideUserService(userRepo *repository.UserRepository) *service.UserService
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```
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### 6.2 NewXxxService构造函数签名
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- **构造函数参数使用接口类型**
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- **返回值使用接口类型**
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```go
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// ✅ 正确
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func NewUserService(
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userRepo repository.UserRepository, // 接口
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cache cache.Cache,
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) UserService { // 返回接口
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return &userService{userRepo: userRepo}
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}
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```
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### 6.3 禁止的直接注入
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- **禁止在Handler的Provider中直接注入Repository和Cache**,应仅注入Service
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- **禁止在Service的Provider中直接注入`gorm.DB`**
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---
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## 7. 事务管理规范
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### 7.1 事务边界在Repository层
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```go
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// ✅ 正确:事务封装在Repository内部
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func (r *userRepository) CreateUserWithProfile(user *model.User, profile *model.Profile) error {
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return r.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
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if err := tx.Create(user).Error; err != nil {
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return err
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}
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profile.UserID = user.ID
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return tx.Create(profile).Error
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})
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}
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```
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### 7.2 Service调用事务方法
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```go
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// ✅ Service通过调用Repository的封装方法使用事务
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func (s *userService) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, req *dto.CreateUserRequest) error {
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user := &model.User{Name: req.Name}
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profile := &model.Profile{Bio: req.Bio}
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return s.userRepo.CreateUserWithProfile(user, profile)
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}
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```
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---
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## 8. 常见错误示例
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### 错误1:Handler直接依赖Repository
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```go
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// ❌ 错误
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type PostHandler struct {
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postRepo *repository.PostRepository
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}
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// ✅ 正确
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type PostHandler struct {
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postService service.PostService
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}
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```
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### 错误2:Service直接使用gorm.DB
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```go
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// ❌ 错误
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type postService struct {
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db *gorm.DB
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}
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func (s *postService) CreatePost(post *model.Post) error {
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return s.db.Create(post).Error
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}
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// ✅ 正确:使用Repository
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func (s *postService) CreatePost(post *model.Post) error {
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return s.postRepo.Create(post)
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}
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```
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### 错误3:Repository返回指针类型
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```go
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// ❌ 错误
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func NewUserRepository(db *gorm.DB) *UserRepository {
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return &UserRepository{db: db}
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}
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// ✅ 正确
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func NewUserRepository(db *gorm.DB) UserRepository {
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return &userRepository{db: db}
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}
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```
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### 错误4:Filter类型放在repository包
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```go
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// ❌ 错误:repository包不应该被handler直接引用
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package repository
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type LogFilter struct {
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UserID string
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}
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// ✅ 正确:放在dto包
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package dto
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type LogFilter struct {
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UserID string
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}
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```
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---
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## 9. 新功能开发 Checklist
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开发新功能时,确保满足以下规范:
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- [ ] **Repository定义**
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- [ ] 接口 + 私有实现结构体
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- [ ] 构造函数返回接口类型
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- [ ] 方法参数使用值类型而非指针
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- [ ] 在`wire/repository.go`中注册
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- [ ] **Service定义**
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- [ ] 接口 + 私有实现结构体
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- [ ] 所有Repository依赖使用接口类型
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- [ ] 不直接持有`gorm.DB`
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- [ ] 事务操作下沉到Repository
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- [ ] **Handler定义**
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- [ ] 仅依赖Service接口
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- [ ] 不直接依赖Repository或Cache
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- [ ] Query/Filter参数使用dto包类型
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- [ ] **Wire Provider**
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- [ ] 参数使用接口类型
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- [ ] 返回值使用接口类型
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- [ ] 不直接注入`gorm.DB`到Service
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---
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## 10. 相关文件位置参考
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| 类别 | 目录 |
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|------|------|
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| Handler | `internal/handler/` |
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| Service | `internal/service/` |
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| Repository | `internal/repository/` |
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| DTO/Filter | `internal/dto/` |
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| Model | `internal/model/` |
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| Wire | `internal/wire/` |
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| Cache | `internal/cache/` |
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