diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/LauncherHelper.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/LauncherHelper.java
index 4852ae469..2d6e9be2d 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/LauncherHelper.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/LauncherHelper.java
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                                     if (ex.getCause() instanceof ResponseCodeException) {
                                         ResponseCodeException rce = (ResponseCodeException) ex.getCause();
                                         int responseCode = rce.getResponseCode();
-                                        URI uri = rce.getUri();
+                                        String uri = rce.getUri();
                                         if (responseCode == 404)
                                             message += i18n("download.code.404", uri);
                                         else
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ public final class LauncherHelper {
                                 } else if (ex instanceof ResponseCodeException) {
                                     ResponseCodeException rce = (ResponseCodeException) ex;
                                     int responseCode = rce.getResponseCode();
-                                    URI uri = rce.getUri();
+                                    String uri = rce.getUri();
                                     if (responseCode == 404)
                                         message = i18n("download.code.404", uri);
                                     else
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/TexturesLoader.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/TexturesLoader.java
index d0cfc951d..dab6a40d3 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/TexturesLoader.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/game/TexturesLoader.java
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.BindingMapping;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.*;
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ public final class TexturesLoader {
         if (!Files.isRegularFile(file)) {
             // download it
             try {
-                new FileDownloadTask(URI.create(texture.getUrl()), file).run();
+                new FileDownloadTask(texture.getUrl(), file).run();
                 LOG.info("Texture downloaded: " + texture.getUrl());
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 if (Files.isRegularFile(file)) {
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/FXUtils.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/FXUtils.java
index 075a79a29..997bbe624 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/FXUtils.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/FXUtils.java
@@ -836,7 +836,8 @@ public final class FXUtils {
         }
     }
 
-    public static Image loadImage(URI uri) throws Exception {
+    public static Image loadImage(String url) throws Exception {
+        URI uri = NetworkUtils.toURI(url);
         URLConnection connection = NetworkUtils.createConnection(uri);
         if (connection instanceof HttpURLConnection) {
             connection = NetworkUtils.resolveConnection((HttpURLConnection) connection);
@@ -896,7 +897,7 @@ public final class FXUtils {
     }
 
     public static Task<Image> getRemoteImageTask(String url, double requestedWidth, double requestedHeight, boolean preserveRatio, boolean smooth) {
-        return new CacheFileTask(URI.create(url))
+        return new CacheFileTask(url)
                 .thenApplyAsync(file -> {
                     try (var channel = FileChannel.open(file, StandardOpenOption.READ)) {
                         var header = new byte[12];
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/HTMLRenderer.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/HTMLRenderer.java
index 01a9b2942..08c33aef1 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/HTMLRenderer.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/HTMLRenderer.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import javafx.scene.image.Image;
 import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
 import javafx.scene.text.Text;
 import javafx.scene.text.TextFlow;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jsoup.nodes.Node;
 import org.jsoup.nodes.TextNode;
 
@@ -159,18 +160,9 @@ public final class HTMLRenderer {
 
     private void appendImage(Node node) {
         String src = node.absUrl("src");
-        URI imageUri = null;
-        try {
-            if (!src.isEmpty())
-                imageUri = URI.create(src);
-        } catch (Exception ignored) {
-        }
-
         String alt = node.attr("alt");
 
-        if (imageUri != null) {
-            URI uri = URI.create(src);
-
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(src)) {
             String widthAttr = node.attr("width");
             String heightAttr = node.attr("height");
 
@@ -191,7 +183,7 @@ public final class HTMLRenderer {
             }
 
             try {
-                Image image = FXUtils.getRemoteImageTask(uri.toString(), width, height, true, true)
+                Image image = FXUtils.getRemoteImageTask(src, width, height, true, true)
                         .run();
                 if (image == null)
                     throw new AssertionError("Image loading task returned null");
@@ -207,7 +199,7 @@ public final class HTMLRenderer {
                 children.add(imageView);
                 return;
             } catch (Throwable e) {
-                LOG.warning("Failed to load image: " + uri, e);
+                LOG.warning("Failed to load image: " + src, e);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/account/AccountListPage.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/account/AccountListPage.java
index 5b2d758c5..c2e5d1547 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/account/AccountListPage.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/account/AccountListPage.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.AdvancedListItem;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.construct.ClassTitle;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.decorator.DecoratorAnimatedPage;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.decorator.DecoratorPage;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.BindingMapping;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.MappedObservableList;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.NativeUtils;
@@ -48,7 +49,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.Kernel32;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.windows.WinConstants;
 
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Locale;
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ public final class AccountListPage extends DecoratorAnimatedPage implements Deco
                         item.titleProperty().bind(title);
                         String host = "";
                         try {
-                            host = URI.create(server.getUrl()).getHost();
+                            host = NetworkUtils.toURI(server.getUrl()).getHost();
                         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                             LOG.warning("Unparsable authlib-injector server url " + server.getUrl(), e);
                         }
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/account/AddAuthlibInjectorServerPane.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/account/AddAuthlibInjectorServerPane.java
index 4b3c0b5da..84f94d540 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/account/AddAuthlibInjectorServerPane.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/account/AddAuthlibInjectorServerPane.java
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
 
 import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URI;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.ConfigHolder.config;
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.FXUtils.onEscPressed;
@@ -196,7 +195,8 @@ public final class AddAuthlibInjectorServerPane extends TransitionPane implement
                 lblServerName.setText(serverBeingAdded.getName());
                 lblServerUrl.setText(serverBeingAdded.getUrl());
 
-                lblServerWarning.setVisible("http".equals(URI.create(serverBeingAdded.getUrl()).getScheme()));
+                //noinspection HttpUrlsUsage
+                lblServerWarning.setVisible(serverBeingAdded.getUrl().startsWith("http://"));
 
                 this.setContent(confirmServerPane, ContainerAnimations.SWIPE_LEFT);
             } else {
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/construct/URLValidator.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/construct/URLValidator.java
index 357a8b01e..2c85f73c6 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/construct/URLValidator.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/construct/URLValidator.java
@@ -21,10 +21,7 @@ import com.jfoenix.validation.base.ValidatorBase;
 import javafx.beans.NamedArg;
 import javafx.scene.control.TextInputControl;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URISyntaxException;
-import java.net.URL;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 
 import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.i18n.I18n.i18n;
 
@@ -58,9 +55,9 @@ public class URLValidator extends ValidatorBase {
             hasErrors.set(!nullable);
         else {
             try {
-                new URL(textField.getText()).toURI();
+                NetworkUtils.toURI(textField.getText());
                 hasErrors.set(false);
-            } catch (IOException | URISyntaxException e) {
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                 hasErrors.set(true);
             }
         }
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/decorator/DecoratorController.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/decorator/DecoratorController.java
index 1ff75656f..9b591d2c3 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/decorator/DecoratorController.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/decorator/DecoratorController.java
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.wizard.WizardProvider;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
@@ -214,7 +213,7 @@ public class DecoratorController {
                 String backgroundImageUrl = config().getBackgroundImageUrl();
                 if (backgroundImageUrl != null) {
                     try {
-                        image = FXUtils.loadImage(URI.create(backgroundImageUrl));
+                        image = FXUtils.loadImage(backgroundImageUrl);
                     } catch (Exception e) {
                         LOG.warning("Couldn't load background image", e);
                     }
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/DownloadPage.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/DownloadPage.java
index ead89c673..aee357f7b 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/DownloadPage.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/DownloadPage.java
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.TaskCancellationAction;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Locale;
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ public class DownloadPage extends DecoratorAnimatedPage implements DecoratorPage
             Path dest = runDirectory.resolve(subdirectoryName).resolve(result);
 
             Controllers.taskDialog(Task.composeAsync(() -> {
-                var task = new FileDownloadTask(URI.create(file.getFile().getUrl()), dest);
+                var task = new FileDownloadTask(file.getFile().getUrl(), dest);
                 task.setName(file.getName());
                 return task;
             }).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), exception -> {
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/ModpackSelectionPage.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/ModpackSelectionPage.java
index 3d63f094d..a1bcd165f 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/ModpackSelectionPage.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/ModpackSelectionPage.java
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -124,10 +123,9 @@ public final class ModpackSelectionPage extends VBox implements WizardPage {
     }
 
     private void onChooseRemoteFile() {
-        Controllers.prompt(i18n("modpack.choose.remote.tooltip"), (urlString, resolve, reject) -> {
+        Controllers.prompt(i18n("modpack.choose.remote.tooltip"), (url, resolve, reject) -> {
             try {
-                URI url = URI.create(urlString);
-                if (urlString.endsWith("server-manifest.json")) {
+                if (url.endsWith("server-manifest.json")) {
                     // if urlString ends with .json, we assume that the url is server-manifest.json
                     Controllers.taskDialog(new GetTask(url).whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), (result, e) -> {
                         ServerModpackManifest manifest = JsonUtils.fromMaybeMalformedJson(result, ServerModpackManifest.class);
@@ -148,7 +146,7 @@ public final class ModpackSelectionPage extends VBox implements WizardPage {
                     resolve.run();
 
                     Controllers.taskDialog(
-                            new FileDownloadTask(url, modpack, null)
+                            new FileDownloadTask(url, modpack)
                                     .whenComplete(Schedulers.javafx(), e -> {
                                         if (e == null) {
                                             resolve.run();
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/UpdateInstallerWizardProvider.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/UpdateInstallerWizardProvider.java
index 9ec804519..1458d835f 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/UpdateInstallerWizardProvider.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/download/UpdateInstallerWizardProvider.java
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public final class UpdateInstallerWizardProvider implements WizardProvider {
             if (exception.getCause() instanceof ResponseCodeException) {
                 ResponseCodeException rce = (ResponseCodeException) exception.getCause();
                 int responseCode = rce.getResponseCode();
-                URI uri = rce.getUri();
+                String uri = rce.getUri();
                 if (responseCode == 404)
                     message += i18n("download.code.404", uri);
                 else
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/DownloadPage.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/DownloadPage.java
index 2a8e5d1ab..e756141f1 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/DownloadPage.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/DownloadPage.java
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.GameVersionNumber;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.File;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
@@ -180,7 +179,7 @@ public class DownloadPage extends Control implements DecoratorPage {
 
         Controllers.taskDialog(
                 Task.composeAsync(() -> {
-                    var task = new FileDownloadTask(URI.create(file.getFile().getUrl()), dest.toPath(), file.getFile().getIntegrityCheck());
+                    var task = new FileDownloadTask(file.getFile().getUrl(), dest.toPath(), file.getFile().getIntegrityCheck());
                     task.setName(file.getName());
                     return task;
                 }),
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/ModUpdatesPage.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/ModUpdatesPage.java
index 07c2587eb..8b02ca9f8 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/ModUpdatesPage.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/ModUpdatesPage.java
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.TaskCancellationAction;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CSVTable;
 
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
@@ -294,7 +293,7 @@ public class ModUpdatesPage extends BorderPane implements DecoratorPage {
                                 fileName += ModManager.DISABLED_EXTENSION;
 
                             var task = new FileDownloadTask(
-                                    URI.create(remote.getFile().getUrl()),
+                                    remote.getFile().getUrl(),
                                     modManager.getModsDirectory().resolve(fileName));
 
                             task.setName(remote.getName());
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/VersionSettingsPage.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/VersionSettingsPage.java
index 522afbf7e..e284cd930 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/VersionSettingsPage.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/VersionSettingsPage.java
@@ -32,9 +32,6 @@ import javafx.scene.control.Toggle;
 import javafx.scene.layout.*;
 import javafx.scene.text.Text;
 import javafx.stage.FileChooser;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.GameDirectoryType;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.HMCLGameRepository;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.ProcessPriority;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.game.*;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.java.JavaManager;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.setting.*;
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/Versions.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/Versions.java
index 750b4aa1a..efc7de9fb 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/Versions.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/ui/versions/Versions.java
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.download.ModpackInstallWizardProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.ui.export.ExportWizardProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.TaskCancellationAction;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.platform.OperatingSystem;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.URI;
-import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ public final class Versions {
         Path modpack;
         URI downloadURL;
         try {
+            downloadURL = NetworkUtils.toURI(file.getFile().getUrl());
             modpack = Files.createTempFile("modpack", ".zip");
-            downloadURL = new URI(file.getFile().getUrl());
-        } catch (IOException | URISyntaxException e) {
+        } catch (IOException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
             Controllers.dialog(
                     i18n("install.failed.downloading.detail", file.getFile().getUrl()) + "\n" + StringUtils.getStackTrace(e),
                     i18n("download.failed.no_code"), MessageDialogPane.MessageType.ERROR);
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/upgrade/HMCLDownloadTask.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/upgrade/HMCLDownloadTask.java
index 2b6a91a3c..653e398f3 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/upgrade/HMCLDownloadTask.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/upgrade/HMCLDownloadTask.java
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import org.tukaani.xz.XZInputStream;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.jar.JarOutputStream;
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ final class HMCLDownloadTask extends FileDownloadTask {
     private final RemoteVersion.Type archiveFormat;
 
     public HMCLDownloadTask(RemoteVersion version, Path target) {
-        super(URI.create(version.getUrl()), target, version.getIntegrityCheck());
+        super(version.getUrl(), target, version.getIntegrityCheck());
         archiveFormat = version.getType();
     }
 
diff --git a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/upgrade/RemoteVersion.java b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/upgrade/RemoteVersion.java
index 5c4d8d056..627877d12 100644
--- a/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/upgrade/RemoteVersion.java
+++ b/HMCL/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/upgrade/RemoteVersion.java
@@ -26,14 +26,13 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
 public class RemoteVersion {
 
     public static RemoteVersion fetch(UpdateChannel channel, String url) throws IOException {
         try {
-            JsonObject response = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(NetworkUtils.doGet(URI.create(url)), JsonObject.class);
+            JsonObject response = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(NetworkUtils.doGet(url), JsonObject.class);
             String version = Optional.ofNullable(response.get("version")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElseThrow(() -> new IOException("version is missing"));
             String jarUrl = Optional.ofNullable(response.get("jar")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(null);
             String jarHash = Optional.ofNullable(response.get("jarsha1")).map(JsonElement::getAsString).orElse(null);
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/authlibinjector/AuthlibInjectorServer.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/authlibinjector/AuthlibInjectorServer.java
index ebe8fb6f5..947724848 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/authlibinjector/AuthlibInjectorServer.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/authlibinjector/AuthlibInjectorServer.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.auth.yggdrasil.YggdrasilService;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.HttpRequest;
@@ -58,10 +59,10 @@ public class AuthlibInjectorServer implements Observable {
     public static AuthlibInjectorServer locateServer(String url) throws IOException {
         try {
             url = addHttpsIfMissing(url);
-            HttpURLConnection conn = NetworkUtils.createHttpConnection(URI.create(url));
+            HttpURLConnection conn = NetworkUtils.createHttpConnection(url);
             String ali = conn.getHeaderField("x-authlib-injector-api-location");
             if (ali != null) {
-                URI absoluteAli = conn.getURL().toURI().resolve(ali);
+                URI absoluteAli = conn.getURL().toURI().resolve(NetworkUtils.toURI(ali));
                 if (!urlEqualsIgnoreSlash(url, absoluteAli.toString())) {
                     conn.disconnect();
                     url = absoluteAli.toString();
@@ -85,15 +86,15 @@ public class AuthlibInjectorServer implements Observable {
     }
 
     private static String addHttpsIfMissing(String url) throws IOException {
-        URI uri = URI.create(url);
-
-        if (uri.getScheme() == null) {
-            return "https://" + url;
-        } else if (!NetworkUtils.isHttpUri(uri)) {
-            throw new IOException("Yggdrasil server should be an HTTP or HTTPS URI, but got: " + url);
-        } else {
+        if (Pattern.compile("^(?<scheme>[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*)://").matcher(url).find())
             return url;
-        }
+
+        if (url.startsWith("//"))
+            return "https:" + url;
+        else if (url.startsWith("/"))
+            return "https:/" + url;
+        else
+            return "https://" + url;
     }
 
     private static boolean urlEqualsIgnoreSlash(String a, String b) {
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/microsoft/MicrosoftService.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/microsoft/MicrosoftService.java
index ea95e9766..b2b4b5148 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/microsoft/MicrosoftService.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/microsoft/MicrosoftService.java
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.javafx.ObservableOptionalCache;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ public class MicrosoftService {
                 .accept("application/json").createConnection();
 
         if (request.getResponseCode() != 200) {
-            throw new ResponseCodeException(URI.create("https://api.minecraftservices.com/entitlements/mcstore"), request.getResponseCode());
+            throw new ResponseCodeException("https://api.minecraftservices.com/entitlements/mcstore", request.getResponseCode());
         }
 
         // Get Minecraft Account UUID
@@ -248,7 +247,7 @@ public class MicrosoftService {
         if (responseCode == HTTP_NOT_FOUND) {
             throw new NoMinecraftJavaEditionProfileException();
         } else if (responseCode != 200) {
-            throw new ResponseCodeException(URI.create("https://api.minecraftservices.com/minecraft/profile"), responseCode);
+            throw new ResponseCodeException("https://api.minecraftservices.com/minecraft/profile", responseCode);
         }
 
         String result = NetworkUtils.readFullyAsString(conn);
@@ -258,12 +257,12 @@ public class MicrosoftService {
     public Optional<CompleteGameProfile> getCompleteGameProfile(UUID uuid) throws AuthenticationException {
         Objects.requireNonNull(uuid);
 
-        return Optional.ofNullable(GSON.fromJson(request(URI.create("https://sessionserver.mojang.com/session/minecraft/profile/" + UUIDTypeAdapter.fromUUID(uuid)), null), CompleteGameProfile.class));
+        return Optional.ofNullable(GSON.fromJson(request("https://sessionserver.mojang.com/session/minecraft/profile/" + UUIDTypeAdapter.fromUUID(uuid), null), CompleteGameProfile.class));
     }
 
     public void uploadSkin(String accessToken, boolean isSlim, Path file) throws AuthenticationException, UnsupportedOperationException {
         try {
-            HttpURLConnection con = NetworkUtils.createHttpConnection(URI.create("https://api.minecraftservices.com/minecraft/profile/skins"));
+            HttpURLConnection con = NetworkUtils.createHttpConnection("https://api.minecraftservices.com/minecraft/profile/skins");
             con.setRequestMethod("POST");
             con.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Bearer " + accessToken);
             con.setDoOutput(true);
@@ -288,12 +287,12 @@ public class MicrosoftService {
         }
     }
 
-    private static String request(URI url, Object payload) throws AuthenticationException {
+    private static String request(String url, Object payload) throws AuthenticationException {
         try {
             if (payload == null)
                 return NetworkUtils.doGet(url);
             else
-                return NetworkUtils.doPost(url, payload instanceof String ? (String) payload : GSON.toJson(payload), "application/json");
+                return NetworkUtils.doPost(NetworkUtils.toURI(url), payload instanceof String ? (String) payload : GSON.toJson(payload), "application/json");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             throw new ServerDisconnectException(e);
         }
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/offline/Skin.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/offline/Skin.java
index ec477a3c2..e30d6293d 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/offline/Skin.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/auth/offline/Skin.java
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Lang;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.net.URLConnection;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public class Skin {
                 String realCslApi = type == Type.LITTLE_SKIN
                         ? "https://littleskin.cn/csl"
                         : StringUtils.removeSuffix(Lang.requireNonNullElse(cslApi, ""), "/");
-                return Task.composeAsync(() -> new GetTask(URI.create(String.format("%s/%s.json", realCslApi, username))))
+                return Task.composeAsync(() -> new GetTask(String.format("%s/%s.json", realCslApi, username)))
                         .thenComposeAsync(json -> {
                             SkinJson result = JsonUtils.GSON.fromJson(json, SkinJson.class);
 
@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ public class Skin {
 
                             return Task.allOf(
                                     Task.supplyAsync(result::getModel),
-                                    result.getHash() == null ? Task.supplyAsync(() -> null) : new FetchBytesTask(URI.create(String.format("%s/textures/%s", realCslApi, result.getHash())), 3),
-                                    result.getCapeHash() == null ? Task.supplyAsync(() -> null) : new FetchBytesTask(URI.create(String.format("%s/textures/%s", realCslApi, result.getCapeHash())), 3)
+                                    result.getHash() == null ? Task.supplyAsync(() -> null) : new FetchBytesTask(String.format("%s/textures/%s", realCslApi, result.getHash())),
+                                    result.getCapeHash() == null ? Task.supplyAsync(() -> null) : new FetchBytesTask(String.format("%s/textures/%s", realCslApi, result.getCapeHash()))
                             );
                         }).thenApplyAsync(result -> {
                             if (result == null) {
@@ -229,8 +229,8 @@ public class Skin {
 
     private static class FetchBytesTask extends FetchTask<InputStream> {
 
-        public FetchBytesTask(URI uri, int retry) {
-            super(List.of(uri), retry);
+        public FetchBytesTask(String uri) {
+            super(List.of(NetworkUtils.toURI(uri)));
         }
 
         @Override
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/DownloadProvider.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/DownloadProvider.java
index 28a12539c..4be18b881 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/DownloadProvider.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/DownloadProvider.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
  */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.download;
 
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
+
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ public interface DownloadProvider {
     String getAssetBaseURL();
 
     default List<URI> getAssetObjectCandidates(String assetObjectLocation) {
-        return List.of(URI.create(getAssetBaseURL() + assetObjectLocation));
+        return List.of(NetworkUtils.toURI(getAssetBaseURL() + assetObjectLocation));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ public interface DownloadProvider {
      * @return the URL that is equivalent to [baseURL], but belongs to your own service provider.
      */
     default List<URI> injectURLWithCandidates(String baseURL) {
-        return List.of(URI.create(injectURL(baseURL)));
+        return List.of(NetworkUtils.toURI(injectURL(baseURL)));
     }
 
     default List<URI> injectURLsWithCandidates(List<String> urls) {
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/fabric/FabricAPIInstallTask.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/fabric/FabricAPIInstallTask.java
index b5f19dda6..a5c89f387 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/fabric/FabricAPIInstallTask.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/fabric/FabricAPIInstallTask.java
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FileDownloadTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ public final class FabricAPIInstallTask extends Task<Version> {
     @Override
     public void execute() throws IOException {
         dependencies.add(new FileDownloadTask(
-                URI.create(remote.getVersion().getFile().getUrl()),
+                remote.getVersion().getFile().getUrl(),
                 dependencyManager.getGameRepository().getRunDirectory(version.getId()).toPath().resolve("mods").resolve("fabric-api-" + remote.getVersion().getVersion() + ".jar"),
                 remote.getVersion().getFile().getIntegrityCheck())
         );
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/forge/ForgeBMCLVersionList.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/forge/ForgeBMCLVersionList.java
index 447599099..1c1782dfe 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/forge/ForgeBMCLVersionList.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/forge/ForgeBMCLVersionList.java
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ public final class ForgeBMCLVersionList extends VersionList<ForgeRemoteVersion>
     public Task<?> refreshAsync(String gameVersion) {
         String lookupVersion = toLookupVersion(gameVersion);
 
-        return new GetTask(URI.create(apiRoot + "/forge/minecraft/" + lookupVersion)).thenGetJsonAsync(listTypeOf(ForgeVersion.class))
+        return new GetTask(apiRoot + "/forge/minecraft/" + lookupVersion).thenGetJsonAsync(listTypeOf(ForgeVersion.class))
                 .thenAcceptAsync(forgeVersions -> {
                     lock.writeLock().lock();
                     try {
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/game/GameVersionList.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/game/GameVersionList.java
index 30ff1bdb1..561e8eb94 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/game/GameVersionList.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/game/GameVersionList.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
 
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.io.Reader;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ public final class GameVersionList extends VersionList<GameRemoteVersion> {
 
     @Override
     public Task<?> refreshAsync() {
-        return new GetTask(URI.create(downloadProvider.getVersionListURL())).thenGetJsonAsync(GameRemoteVersions.class)
+        return new GetTask(downloadProvider.getVersionListURL()).thenGetJsonAsync(GameRemoteVersions.class)
                 .thenAcceptAsync(root -> {
                     GameRemoteVersions unlistedVersions = null;
 
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/liteloader/LiteLoaderVersionList.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/liteloader/LiteLoaderVersionList.java
index 2310a238a..42b9dd117 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/liteloader/LiteLoaderVersionList.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/liteloader/LiteLoaderVersionList.java
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ public final class LiteLoaderVersionList extends VersionList<LiteLoaderRemoteVer
 
     @Override
     public Task<?> refreshAsync(String gameVersion) {
-        return new GetTask(URI.create(downloadProvider.injectURL(LITELOADER_LIST)))
+        return new GetTask(downloadProvider.injectURL(LITELOADER_LIST))
                 .thenGetJsonAsync(LiteLoaderVersionsRoot.class)
                 .thenAcceptAsync(root -> {
                     LiteLoaderGameVersions versions = root.getVersions().get(gameVersion);
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/neoforge/NeoForgeBMCLVersionList.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/neoforge/NeoForgeBMCLVersionList.java
index 6db11dcb1..940d1062d 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/neoforge/NeoForgeBMCLVersionList.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/neoforge/NeoForgeBMCLVersionList.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Immutable;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.Validation;
 
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ public final class NeoForgeBMCLVersionList extends VersionList<NeoForgeRemoteVer
 
     @Override
     public Task<?> refreshAsync(String gameVersion) {
-        return new GetTask(URI.create(apiRoot + "/neoforge/list/" + gameVersion)).thenGetJsonAsync(listTypeOf(NeoForgeVersion.class))
+        return new GetTask(apiRoot + "/neoforge/list/" + gameVersion).thenGetJsonAsync(listTypeOf(NeoForgeVersion.class))
                 .thenAcceptAsync(neoForgeVersions -> {
                     lock.writeLock().lock();
 
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/neoforge/NeoForgeOfficialVersionList.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/neoforge/NeoForgeOfficialVersionList.java
index 3a20320a6..5de46f86b 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/neoforge/NeoForgeOfficialVersionList.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/neoforge/NeoForgeOfficialVersionList.java
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.VersionList;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.GetTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
@@ -39,8 +38,8 @@ public final class NeoForgeOfficialVersionList extends VersionList<NeoForgeRemot
     @Override
     public Task<?> refreshAsync() {
         return Task.allOf(
-                new GetTask(URI.create(downloadProvider.injectURL(OLD_URL))).thenGetJsonAsync(OfficialAPIResult.class),
-                new GetTask(URI.create(downloadProvider.injectURL(META_URL))).thenGetJsonAsync(OfficialAPIResult.class)
+                new GetTask(downloadProvider.injectURL(OLD_URL)).thenGetJsonAsync(OfficialAPIResult.class),
+                new GetTask(downloadProvider.injectURL(META_URL)).thenGetJsonAsync(OfficialAPIResult.class)
         ).thenAcceptAsync(results -> {
             lock.writeLock().lock();
 
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/optifine/OptiFineBMCLVersionList.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/optifine/OptiFineBMCLVersionList.java
index 48e0f31a2..7d8dd0f1d 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/optifine/OptiFineBMCLVersionList.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/optifine/OptiFineBMCLVersionList.java
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.versioning.VersionNumber;
 
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ public final class OptiFineBMCLVersionList extends VersionList<OptiFineRemoteVer
 
     @Override
     public Task<?> refreshAsync() {
-        return new GetTask(URI.create(apiRoot + "/optifine/versionlist")).thenGetJsonAsync(listTypeOf(OptiFineVersion.class)).thenAcceptAsync(root -> {
+        return new GetTask(apiRoot + "/optifine/versionlist").thenGetJsonAsync(listTypeOf(OptiFineVersion.class)).thenAcceptAsync(root -> {
             lock.writeLock().lock();
 
             try {
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/quilt/QuiltAPIInstallTask.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/quilt/QuiltAPIInstallTask.java
index 89fdfb85c..f849023f6 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/quilt/QuiltAPIInstallTask.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/download/quilt/QuiltAPIInstallTask.java
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.FileDownloadTask;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ public final class QuiltAPIInstallTask extends Task<Version> {
     @Override
     public void execute() throws IOException {
         dependencies.add(new FileDownloadTask(
-                URI.create(remote.getVersion().getFile().getUrl()),
+                remote.getVersion().getFile().getUrl(),
                 dependencyManager.getGameRepository().getRunDirectory(version.getId()).toPath().resolve("mods").resolve("quilt-api-" + remote.getVersion().getVersion() + ".jar"),
                 remote.getVersion().getFile().getIntegrityCheck())
         );
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/RemoteMod.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/RemoteMod.java
index 20ad0b805..9542cbecd 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/RemoteMod.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/RemoteMod.java
@@ -28,9 +28,7 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
-import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils.encodeLocation;
-
-public class RemoteMod {
+public final class RemoteMod {
 
     public static final RemoteMod BROKEN = new RemoteMod("", "", "RemoteMod.BROKEN", "", Collections.emptyList(), "", "", new RemoteMod.IMod() {
         @Override
@@ -313,7 +311,7 @@ public class RemoteMod {
         }
 
         public String getUrl() {
-            return encodeLocation(url);
+            return url;
         }
 
         public String getFilename() {
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/curse/CurseManifestFile.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/curse/CurseManifestFile.java
index bb1013372..848ee314a 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/curse/CurseManifestFile.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/curse/CurseManifestFile.java
@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@ import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
 import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Immutable;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.Validation;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
@@ -84,15 +82,13 @@ public final class CurseManifestFile implements Validation {
     }
 
     @Nullable
-    public URI getUrl() {
+    public String getUrl() {
         if (url == null) {
-            if (fileName != null) {
-                return URI.create(NetworkUtils.encodeLocation(String.format("https://edge.forgecdn.net/files/%d/%d/%s", fileID / 1000, fileID % 1000, fileName)));
-            } else {
-                return null;
-            }
+            return fileName != null
+                    ? String.format("https://edge.forgecdn.net/files/%d/%d/%s", fileID / 1000, fileID % 1000, fileName)
+                    : null;
         } else {
-            return URI.create(NetworkUtils.encodeLocation(url));
+            return url;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/mcbbs/McbbsModpackCompletionTask.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/mcbbs/McbbsModpackCompletionTask.java
index c3057cc5e..dc2e2c4dc 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/mcbbs/McbbsModpackCompletionTask.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/mcbbs/McbbsModpackCompletionTask.java
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.*;
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ public class McbbsModpackCompletionTask extends CompletableFutureTask<Void> {
                     throw new CustomException();
                 }
             })).thenComposeAsync(wrap(unused1 -> {
-                return executor.one(new GetTask(URI.create(manifest.getFileApi() + "/manifest.json")));
+                return executor.one(new GetTask(manifest.getFileApi() + "/manifest.json"));
             })).thenComposeAsync(wrap(remoteManifestJson -> {
                 McbbsModpackManifest remoteManifest;
                 // We needs to update modpack from online server.
@@ -201,10 +200,10 @@ public class McbbsModpackCompletionTask extends CompletableFutureTask<Void> {
                                                 McbbsModpackManifest.CurseFile file = (McbbsModpackManifest.CurseFile) rawFile;
                                                 if (StringUtils.isBlank(file.getFileName())) {
                                                     try {
-                                                        return file.withFileName(NetworkUtils.detectFileName(file.getUrl()));
+                                                        return file.withFileName(NetworkUtils.detectFileName(NetworkUtils.toURI(file.getUrl())));
                                                     } catch (IOException e) {
                                                         try {
-                                                            String result = NetworkUtils.doGet(URI.create(String.format("https://cursemeta.dries007.net/%d/%d.json", file.getProjectID(), file.getFileID())));
+                                                            String result = NetworkUtils.doGet(String.format("https://cursemeta.dries007.net/%d/%d.json", file.getProjectID(), file.getFileID()));
                                                             CurseMetaMod mod = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(result, CurseMetaMod.class);
                                                             return file.withFileName(mod.getFileNameOnDisk()).withURL(mod.getDownloadURL());
                                                         } catch (FileNotFoundException fof) {
@@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ public class McbbsModpackCompletionTask extends CompletableFutureTask<Void> {
                                                             return file;
                                                         } catch (IOException | JsonParseException e2) {
                                                             try {
-                                                                String result = NetworkUtils.doGet(URI.create(String.format("https://addons-ecs.forgesvc.net/api/v2/addon/%d/file/%d", file.getProjectID(), file.getFileID())));
+                                                                String result = NetworkUtils.doGet(String.format("https://addons-ecs.forgesvc.net/api/v2/addon/%d/file/%d", file.getProjectID(), file.getFileID()));
                                                                 CurseMetaMod mod = JsonUtils.fromNonNullJson(result, CurseMetaMod.class);
                                                                 return file.withFileName(mod.getFileName()).withURL(mod.getDownloadURL());
                                                             } catch (FileNotFoundException fof) {
@@ -297,7 +296,7 @@ public class McbbsModpackCompletionTask extends CompletableFutureTask<Void> {
         if (file instanceof McbbsModpackManifest.AddonFile) {
             McbbsModpackManifest.AddonFile addonFile = (McbbsModpackManifest.AddonFile) file;
             return new FileDownloadTask(
-                    URI.create(remoteManifest.getFileApi() + "/overrides/" + NetworkUtils.encodeLocation(addonFile.getPath())),
+                    remoteManifest.getFileApi() + "/overrides/" + addonFile.getPath(),
                     modManager.getSimpleModPath(addonFile.getPath()),
                     addonFile.getHash() != null ? new FileDownloadTask.IntegrityCheck("SHA-1", addonFile.getHash()) : null);
         } else if (file instanceof McbbsModpackManifest.CurseFile) {
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/mcbbs/McbbsModpackManifest.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/mcbbs/McbbsModpackManifest.java
index 7deffb716..b5d5f84a8 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/mcbbs/McbbsModpackManifest.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/mcbbs/McbbsModpackManifest.java
@@ -27,11 +27,9 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackManifest;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.ModpackProvider;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.*;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -329,9 +327,10 @@ public class McbbsModpackManifest implements ModpackManifest, Validation {
             return fileName;
         }
 
-        public URI getUrl() {
-            return url == null ? URI.create("https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/" + projectID + "/download/" + fileID + "/file")
-                    : URI.create(NetworkUtils.encodeLocation(url));
+        public String getUrl() {
+            return url == null
+                    ? "https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/" + projectID + "/download/" + fileID + "/file"
+                    : url;
         }
 
         public CurseFile withFileName(String fileName) {
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/multimc/MultiMCComponents.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/multimc/MultiMCComponents.java
index 39fca4719..c9452d01f 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/multimc/MultiMCComponents.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/multimc/MultiMCComponents.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.mod.multimc;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.download.LibraryAnalyzer;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.util.*;
@@ -46,6 +47,6 @@ public final class MultiMCComponents {
     }
 
     public static URI getMetaURL(String componentID, String version) {
-        return URI.create(String.format("https://meta.multimc.org/v1/%s/%s.json", componentID, version));
+        return NetworkUtils.toURI(String.format("https://meta.multimc.org/v1/%s/%s.json", componentID, version));
     }
 }
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/server/ServerModpackCompletionTask.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/server/ServerModpackCompletionTask.java
index c07a14317..5edc37760 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/server/ServerModpackCompletionTask.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/mod/server/ServerModpackCompletionTask.java
@@ -28,11 +28,9 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.task.Task;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.DigestUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.StringUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
-import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.*;
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@ public class ServerModpackCompletionTask extends Task<Void> {
     @Override
     public void preExecute() throws Exception {
         if (manifest == null || StringUtils.isBlank(manifest.getManifest().getFileApi())) return;
-        dependent = new GetTask(URI.create(manifest.getManifest().getFileApi() + "/server-manifest.json"));
+        dependent = new GetTask(manifest.getManifest().getFileApi() + "/server-manifest.json");
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -152,7 +150,7 @@ public class ServerModpackCompletionTask extends Task<Void> {
             if (download) {
                 total++;
                 dependencies.add(new FileDownloadTask(
-                        URI.create(remoteManifest.getFileApi() + "/overrides/" + NetworkUtils.encodeLocation(file.getPath())),
+                        remoteManifest.getFileApi() + "/overrides/" + file.getPath(),
                         actualPath,
                         new FileDownloadTask.IntegrityCheck("SHA-1", file.getHash()))
                         .withCounter("hmcl.modpack.download"));
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/CacheFileTask.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/CacheFileTask.java
index e594f29d4..63201df78 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/CacheFileTask.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/CacheFileTask.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
  */
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.task;
 
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -36,12 +37,12 @@ import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.logging.Logger.LOG;
  */
 public final class CacheFileTask extends FetchTask<Path> {
 
-    public CacheFileTask(@NotNull URI uri) {
-        super(List.of(uri), DEFAULT_RETRY);
+    public CacheFileTask(@NotNull String uri) {
+        super(List.of(NetworkUtils.toURI(uri)));
     }
 
-    public CacheFileTask(@NotNull URI uri, int retry) {
-        super(List.of(uri), retry);
+    public CacheFileTask(@NotNull URI uri) {
+        super(List.of(uri));
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/FetchTask.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/FetchTask.java
index 1444370cf..9bfbc12cd 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/FetchTask.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/FetchTask.java
@@ -49,14 +49,13 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {
     protected static final int DEFAULT_RETRY = 3;
 
     protected final List<URI> uris;
-    protected final int retry;
+    protected int retry = DEFAULT_RETRY;
     protected CacheRepository repository = CacheRepository.getInstance();
 
-    public FetchTask(@NotNull List<@NotNull URI> uris, int retry) {
+    public FetchTask(@NotNull List<@NotNull URI> uris) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(uris);
 
         this.uris = List.copyOf(uris);
-        this.retry = retry;
 
         if (this.uris.isEmpty())
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("At least one URL is required");
@@ -64,6 +63,13 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {
         setExecutor(download());
     }
 
+    public void setRetry(int retry) {
+        if (retry <= 0)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Retry count must be greater than 0");
+
+        this.retry = retry;
+    }
+
     public void setCacheRepository(CacheRepository repository) {
         this.repository = repository;
     }
@@ -167,7 +173,7 @@ public abstract class FetchTask<T> extends Task<T> {
                         if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
                             // Handle cache
                             try {
-                                Path cache = repository.getCachedRemoteFile(conn.getURL().toURI());
+                                Path cache = repository.getCachedRemoteFile(NetworkUtils.toURI(conn.getURL()));
                                 useCachedResult(cache);
                                 LOG.info("Using cached file for " + NetworkUtils.dropQuery(uri));
                                 return;
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/FileDownloadTask.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/FileDownloadTask.java
index 12ab51bae..7caf9e8c6 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/FileDownloadTask.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/FileDownloadTask.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Hex;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.ChecksumMismatchException;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.CompressingUtils;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.FileUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
@@ -82,6 +83,23 @@ public class FileDownloadTask extends FetchTask<Void> {
     private Path candidate;
     private final ArrayList<IntegrityCheckHandler> integrityCheckHandlers = new ArrayList<>();
 
+    /**
+     * @param uri  the URI of remote file.
+     * @param path the location that download to.
+     */
+    public FileDownloadTask(String uri, Path path) {
+        this(List.of(NetworkUtils.toURI(uri)), path, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param uri            the URI of remote file.
+     * @param path           the location that download to.
+     * @param integrityCheck the integrity check to perform, null if no integrity check is to be performed
+     */
+    public FileDownloadTask(String uri, Path path, IntegrityCheck integrityCheck) {
+        this(List.of(NetworkUtils.toURI(uri)), path, integrityCheck);
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param uri  the URI of remote file.
      * @param path the location that download to.
@@ -99,16 +117,6 @@ public class FileDownloadTask extends FetchTask<Void> {
         this(List.of(uri), path, integrityCheck);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @param uri            the URI of remote file.
-     * @param path           the location that download to.
-     * @param integrityCheck the integrity check to perform, null if no integrity check is to be performed
-     * @param retry          the times for retrying if downloading fails.
-     */
-    public FileDownloadTask(URI uri, Path path, IntegrityCheck integrityCheck, int retry) {
-        this(List.of(uri), path, integrityCheck, retry);
-    }
-
     /**
      * Constructor.
      *
@@ -127,19 +135,7 @@ public class FileDownloadTask extends FetchTask<Void> {
      * @param integrityCheck the integrity check to perform, null if no integrity check is to be performed
      */
     public FileDownloadTask(List<URI> uris, Path path, IntegrityCheck integrityCheck) {
-        this(uris, path, integrityCheck, DEFAULT_RETRY);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Constructor.
-     *
-     * @param uris           uris of remote file, will be attempted in order.
-     * @param path           the location that download to.
-     * @param integrityCheck the integrity check to perform, null if no integrity check is to be performed
-     * @param retry          the times for retrying if downloading fails.
-     */
-    public FileDownloadTask(List<URI> uris, Path path, IntegrityCheck integrityCheck, int retry) {
-        super(uris, retry);
+        super(uris);
         this.file = path;
         this.integrityCheck = integrityCheck;
 
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/GetTask.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/GetTask.java
index dba5d75f7..ff20730db 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/GetTask.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/task/GetTask.java
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ package org.jackhuang.hmcl.task;
 
 import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.gson.JsonUtils;
+import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.net.URLConnection;
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -36,29 +36,18 @@ import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
  */
 public final class GetTask extends FetchTask<String> {
 
-    private final Charset charset;
+    public GetTask(String uri) {
+        this(NetworkUtils.toURI(uri));
+    }
 
     public GetTask(URI url) {
-        this(url, UTF_8);
-    }
-
-    public GetTask(URI url, Charset charset) {
-        this(url, charset, DEFAULT_RETRY);
-    }
-
-    public GetTask(URI url, Charset charset, int retry) {
-        this(List.of(url), charset, retry);
+        this(List.of(url));
+        setName(url.toString());
     }
 
     public GetTask(List<URI> url) {
-        this(url, UTF_8, DEFAULT_RETRY);
-    }
-
-    public GetTask(List<URI> urls, Charset charset, int retry) {
-        super(urls, retry);
-        this.charset = charset;
-
-        setName(urls.get(0).toString());
+        super(url);
+        setName(url.get(0).toString());
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -85,7 +74,7 @@ public final class GetTask extends FetchTask<String> {
             public void close() throws IOException {
                 if (!isSuccess()) return;
 
-                String result = baos.toString(charset);
+                String result = baos.toString(UTF_8);
                 setResult(result);
 
                 if (checkETag) {
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/CacheRepository.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/CacheRepository.java
index f2f36b977..ff5612f94 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/CacheRepository.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/CacheRepository.java
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 import java.io.*;
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
 import java.net.URI;
-import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.net.URLConnection;
 import java.nio.channels.Channels;
 import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
@@ -185,8 +184,8 @@ public class CacheRepository {
 
         URI uri;
         try {
-            uri = NetworkUtils.dropQuery(conn.getURL().toURI());
-        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+            uri = NetworkUtils.dropQuery(NetworkUtils.toURI(conn.getURL()));
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
             return;
         }
         ETagItem eTagItem;
@@ -229,16 +228,16 @@ public class CacheRepository {
         if (StringUtils.isBlank(eTag)) return null;
         URI uri;
         try {
-            uri = NetworkUtils.dropQuery(connection.getURL().toURI());
-        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+            uri = NetworkUtils.dropQuery(NetworkUtils.toURI(connection.getURL()));
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
             throw new IOException(e);
         }
         String lastModified = connection.getHeaderField("Last-Modified");
         CacheResult cacheResult = cacheSupplier.get();
-        ETagItem eTagItem = new ETagItem(uri, eTag, cacheResult.hash, Files.getLastModifiedTime(cacheResult.cachedFile).toMillis(), lastModified);
+        ETagItem eTagItem = new ETagItem(uri.toString(), eTag, cacheResult.hash, Files.getLastModifiedTime(cacheResult.cachedFile).toMillis(), lastModified);
         lock.writeLock().lock();
         try {
-            index.compute(eTagItem.url, updateEntity(eTagItem, true));
+            index.compute(uri, updateEntity(eTagItem, true));
             saveETagIndex();
         } finally {
             lock.writeLock().unlock();
@@ -282,7 +281,7 @@ public class CacheRepository {
         for (Collection<ETagItem> eTagItems : indexes) {
             if (eTagItems != null) {
                 for (ETagItem eTag : eTagItems) {
-                    eTags.compute(eTag.url, updateEntity(eTag, false));
+                    eTags.compute(NetworkUtils.toURI(eTag.url), updateEntity(eTag, false));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -331,7 +330,7 @@ public class CacheRepository {
     }
 
     private static final class ETagItem {
-        private final URI url;
+        private final String url;
         private final String eTag;
         private final String hash;
         @SerializedName("local")
@@ -346,7 +345,7 @@ public class CacheRepository {
             this(null, null, null, 0, null);
         }
 
-        public ETagItem(URI url, String eTag, String hash, long localLastModified, String remoteLastModified) {
+        public ETagItem(String url, String eTag, String hash, long localLastModified, String remoteLastModified) {
             this.url = url;
             this.eTag = eTag;
             this.hash = hash;
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/HttpRequest.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/HttpRequest.java
index 3f8535858..c701ffd2d 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/HttpRequest.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/HttpRequest.java
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
-import java.net.URI;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ public abstract class HttpRequest {
     }
 
     public HttpURLConnection createConnection() throws IOException {
-        HttpURLConnection con = createHttpConnection(URI.create(url));
+        HttpURLConnection con = createHttpConnection(url);
         con.setRequestMethod(method);
         for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
             con.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
@@ -188,9 +187,9 @@ public abstract class HttpRequest {
                 if (con.getResponseCode() / 100 != 2) {
                     if (!ignoreHttpCode && !toleratedHttpCodes.contains(con.getResponseCode())) {
                         try {
-                            throw new ResponseCodeException(NetworkUtils.toURI(url), con.getResponseCode(), NetworkUtils.readFullyAsString(con));
+                            throw new ResponseCodeException(url.toString(), con.getResponseCode(), NetworkUtils.readFullyAsString(con));
                         } catch (IOException e) {
-                            throw new ResponseCodeException(NetworkUtils.toURI(url), con.getResponseCode(), e);
+                            throw new ResponseCodeException(url.toString(), con.getResponseCode(), e);
                         }
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/NetworkUtils.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/NetworkUtils.java
index 5fe499a4b..50effea53 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/NetworkUtils.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/NetworkUtils.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 package org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io;
 
 import org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.Pair;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 
 import java.io.*;
 import java.net.*;
@@ -122,10 +123,18 @@ public final class NetworkUtils {
         return connection;
     }
 
+    public static HttpURLConnection createHttpConnection(String url) throws IOException {
+        return (HttpURLConnection) createConnection(toURI(url));
+    }
+
     public static HttpURLConnection createHttpConnection(URI url) throws IOException {
         return (HttpURLConnection) createConnection(url);
     }
 
+    private static void encodeCodePoint(StringBuilder builder, int codePoint) {
+        builder.append(encodeURL(Character.toString(codePoint)));
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param location the url to be URL encoded
      * @return encoded URL
@@ -133,29 +142,59 @@ public final class NetworkUtils {
      * "https://github.com/curl/curl/blob/3f7b1bb89f92c13e69ee51b710ac54f775aab320/lib/transfer.c#L1427-L1461">Curl</a>
      */
     public static String encodeLocation(String location) {
-        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        int i = 0;
         boolean left = true;
-        for (char ch : location.toCharArray()) {
-            switch (ch) {
-                case ' ':
-                    if (left)
-                        sb.append("%20");
-                    else
-                        sb.append('+');
-                    break;
-                case '?':
-                    left = false;
-                    // fallthrough
-                default:
-                    if (ch >= 0x80)
-                        sb.append(encodeURL(Character.toString(ch)));
-                    else
-                        sb.append(ch);
-                    break;
+        while (i < location.length()) {
+            char ch = location.charAt(i);
+            if (ch == ' ' || ch >= 0x80)
+                break;
+            else if (ch == '?')
+                left = false;
+            i++;
+        }
+
+        if (i == location.length()) {
+            // No need to encode
+            return location;
+        }
+
+        var builder = new StringBuilder(location.length() + 10);
+        builder.append(location, 0, i);
+
+        for (; i < location.length(); i++) {
+            char ch = location.charAt(i);
+            if (Character.isSurrogate(ch)) {
+                if (Character.isHighSurrogate(ch) && i < location.length() - 1) {
+                    char ch2 = location.charAt(i + 1);
+                    if (Character.isLowSurrogate(ch2)) {
+                        int codePoint = Character.toCodePoint(ch, ch2);
+                        encodeCodePoint(builder, codePoint);
+                        i++;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Invalid surrogate pair, encode as '?'
+                builder.append("%3F");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (ch == ' ') {
+                if (left)
+                    builder.append("%20");
+                else
+                    builder.append('+');
+            } else if (ch == '?') {
+                left = false;
+                builder.append('?');
+            } else if (ch >= 0x80) {
+                encodeCodePoint(builder, ch);
+            } else {
+                builder.append(ch);
             }
         }
 
-        return sb.toString();
+        return builder.toString();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -200,6 +239,10 @@ public final class NetworkUtils {
         return conn;
     }
 
+    public static String doGet(String uri) throws IOException {
+        return doGet(toURI(uri));
+    }
+
     public static String doGet(URI uri) throws IOException {
         return readFullyAsString(resolveConnection(createHttpConnection(uri)));
     }
@@ -319,14 +362,6 @@ public final class NetworkUtils {
         }
     }
 
-    public static URI toURI(URL url) {
-        try {
-            return url.toURI();
-        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
-        }
-    }
-
     // ==== Shortcut methods for encoding/decoding URLs in UTF-8 ====
     public static String encodeURL(String toEncode) {
         return URLEncoder.encode(toEncode, UTF_8);
@@ -335,6 +370,20 @@ public final class NetworkUtils {
     public static String decodeURL(String toDecode) {
         return URLDecoder.decode(toDecode, UTF_8);
     }
+
+    /// @throws IllegalArgumentException if the string is not a valid URI
+    public static @NotNull URI toURI(@NotNull String uri) {
+        try {
+            return new URI(encodeLocation(uri));
+        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+            // Possibly an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN)
+            return URI.create(uri);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static @NotNull URI toURI(@NotNull URL url) {
+        return toURI(url.toExternalForm());
+    }
     // ====
 
 }
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/ResponseCodeException.java b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/ResponseCodeException.java
index 5206c8cb8..67ed53dfe 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/ResponseCodeException.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/main/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/ResponseCodeException.java
@@ -22,32 +22,44 @@ import java.net.URI;
 
 public final class ResponseCodeException extends IOException {
 
-    private final URI uri;
+    private final String uri;
     private final int responseCode;
     private final String data;
 
     public ResponseCodeException(URI uri, int responseCode) {
+        this(uri.toString(), responseCode);
+    }
+
+    public ResponseCodeException(URI uri, int responseCode, Throwable cause) {
+        this(uri.toString(), responseCode, cause);
+    }
+
+    public ResponseCodeException(URI uri, int responseCode, String data) {
+        this(uri.toString(), responseCode, data);
+    }
+
+    public ResponseCodeException(String uri, int responseCode) {
         super("Unable to request url " + uri + ", response code: " + responseCode);
         this.uri = uri;
         this.responseCode = responseCode;
         this.data = null;
     }
 
-    public ResponseCodeException(URI uri, int responseCode, Throwable cause) {
+    public ResponseCodeException(String uri, int responseCode, Throwable cause) {
         super("Unable to request url " + uri + ", response code: " + responseCode, cause);
         this.uri = uri;
         this.responseCode = responseCode;
         this.data = null;
     }
 
-    public ResponseCodeException(URI uri, int responseCode, String data) {
+    public ResponseCodeException(String uri, int responseCode, String data) {
         super("Unable to request url " + uri + ", response code: " + responseCode + ", data: " + data);
         this.uri = uri;
         this.responseCode = responseCode;
         this.data = data;
     }
 
-    public URI getUri() {
+    public String getUri() {
         return uri;
     }
 
diff --git a/HMCLCore/src/test/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/NetworkUtilsTest.java b/HMCLCore/src/test/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/NetworkUtilsTest.java
index 0423ff59c..7d22b499b 100644
--- a/HMCLCore/src/test/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/NetworkUtilsTest.java
+++ b/HMCLCore/src/test/java/org/jackhuang/hmcl/util/io/NetworkUtilsTest.java
@@ -21,18 +21,39 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.US_ASCII;
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils.encodeLocation;
+import static org.jackhuang.hmcl.util.io.NetworkUtils.getCharsetFromContentType;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 
 /**
  * @author Glavo
  */
 public class NetworkUtilsTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeLocation() {
+        assertEquals("https://github.com", encodeLocation("https://github.com"));
+        assertEquals("https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/commits?author=Glavo", encodeLocation("https://github.com/HMCL-dev/HMCL/commits?author=Glavo"));
+        assertEquals("https://www.example.com/file%20with%20space", encodeLocation("https://www.example.com/file with space"));
+        assertEquals("https://www.example.com/file%20with%20space", encodeLocation("https://www.example.com/file%20with%20space"));
+        assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95", encodeLocation("https://www.example.com/测试"));
+        assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%F0%9F%98%87", encodeLocation("https://www.example.com/\uD83D\uDE07"));
+        assertEquals("https://www.example.com/test?a=10+20", encodeLocation("https://www.example.com/test?a=10 20"));
+        assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95?a=10+20", encodeLocation("https://www.example.com/测试?a=10 20"));
+
+        // Invalid surrogate pair
+        assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%3F", encodeLocation("https://www.example.com/\uD83D"));
+        assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%3F", encodeLocation("https://www.example.com/\uDE07"));
+        assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%3Ftest", encodeLocation("https://www.example.com/\uD83Dtest"));
+        assertEquals("https://www.example.com/%3Ftest", encodeLocation("https://www.example.com/\uDE07test"));
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testGetEncodingFromUrl() {
-        assertEquals(UTF_8, NetworkUtils.getCharsetFromContentType(null));
-        assertEquals(UTF_8, NetworkUtils.getCharsetFromContentType(""));
-        assertEquals(UTF_8, NetworkUtils.getCharsetFromContentType("text/html"));
-        assertEquals(UTF_8, NetworkUtils.getCharsetFromContentType("text/html; charset=utf-8"));
-        assertEquals(US_ASCII, NetworkUtils.getCharsetFromContentType("text/html; charset=ascii"));
+        assertEquals(UTF_8, getCharsetFromContentType(null));
+        assertEquals(UTF_8, getCharsetFromContentType(""));
+        assertEquals(UTF_8, getCharsetFromContentType("text/html"));
+        assertEquals(UTF_8, getCharsetFromContentType("text/html; charset=utf-8"));
+        assertEquals(US_ASCII, getCharsetFromContentType("text/html; charset=ascii"));
     }
 }